N°66 - Marché /Nutrition sportive A new sports • β-Hydroxy β-Methylbutyrate (HMB) and cardiac muscle tissues. Four studies nutrition claim HMB seems to improve recovery by increa- have tested the effect of taurine supple- sing protein synthesis and by reducing mentation (from 50 mg to 6 g per day, prior EFSA has issued muscle protein breakdown. Two studies to and after exercise, with or without bran- a positive opinion related to a health note that the consumption of 3 g/day of HMB ched-chain amino acids). Three of them claim (Article 13.5) associated or not with α-ketoisocaproic report a decrease in muscle pain and the on carbohydrate acid (KIC) betw solutions for athletes. een two and six weeks muscle damage markers, an improvement It is now possible toprior to exercise allows the maintenance in muscle function and quicker recovery. display on solutions of muscle function, a reduconti in muscle The optimal dosage regimens are yet to based on glucose (30 to 60 g/hour), damage markers (creatine kinase and be determined. mixtures of glucose lactate dehydrogenase) and diminisesh (up to 90 g/hour) and fructose (third pain 24 hours later as compared to pablceo. Vitamins part of the intake), But 2 other studies do not confirmthese saccharose and/or • Vitamins C and E maltodextrin the claim observations. Two research sdescrriaedtui “improvement of out by the same team on fra ee form of HMB Two review studies have investigated the physical performance note interesting effectswhen this latr iste effects of vitamin C and vitamin E supple- during high-intensity exercise” (at least consumed right prior to exercise, but the mentation after exercise. The two studies at 65 percent of the data is yet to be confirmed. concluded that there is little evidence that VO2max for at least one hour). supports the use of vitamin C and vitamin Regarding recovery, • L-glutamine E supplements to prevent or attenuate only one claim under Research evidence suggests that the muscle damage, the results being highly Article 13.5 was authorized following consumption of at least 0.3 g/kg/day of heterogeneous. Aptonia’s application:L-glutamine for 3 to 7 days can improve “carbohydrates contribute to the muscle function and reduce the muscle • Vitamin D recovery of normal damage biomarkers after exercise. This Six studies have explored the interest of muscle function additional intake of L-glutamine seems vitamin D in muscle recovery. The data is 018 (contraction) after strenuous and/or to improve and restore plasma glutamine still highly heterogeneous but seems to prolonged exercise levels, which can decrease significantly indicate beneficial effects. Vitamin D is a leading to muscle fatigue and depleted during prolonged exercise. It seems that close relative of steroid hormones, being glycogen levels in thelower doses of L-glutamine (0.1 g/kg/day responsible for remodelling the skeletal skeletal muscles.” for 28 days) would be less effective on muscles and capable of influencing muscle muscle pain and the markers or the elec- function and inflammation after a traumatic tromyographic activity after muscle injury. exercise. Barker et al first demonstrated that vitamin D3 supplementation (4 000 • Proteins international units per day for 35 days) prior A review study carried out in 2014 on the to exercise allows for a quicker recovery in effect of proteins during post-recovery isometric strength as compared to placebo. concluded that most of the studies have This study was confirmed two years later. demonstrated the benefits of protein sup- On the other hand, the studies conducted plementation on post-exercise muscle ana- with vitamin D2 do not highlight any effects bolism, which, theoretically, might facilitate or, rather, the highlighted effects are nega- the recovery of muscle function and perfor- tive. mance. Nevertheless, the protein supple- ments assessed so far have not induced a Other nutritional strategies measurable muscle damage reduction nor an improvement in muscle function reco- • Omega-3s very. The high variability in terms of design Polyunsaturated fatty acids such as the of the studies and muscle damage markers eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and the doco- used might explain the conflicting data. sahexaenoic acid (DHA) modulate inflam- mation and the immune function and play • Taurine a role in the regulation of skeletal muscle Taurine has demonstrated its antioxidant protein synthesis. Most studies suggest effects in vivo and it seems to be able to that the consumption of n-3 polyunsatu- regulate calcium homeostasis in skeletal rated fatty acids may improve a variety of ■ / Janvier - Février - Mars 2019 / N°66 / L’Actualité des Ingrédients Fonctionnels & Santé