N°66 - Marché /Nutrition sportive • Astaxanthin extracted from green algae This carotenoid with strong antioxidant effects is yet to prove its effectiveness. Out of two studies, only one noted the effects of a 90-day supplementation (4 mg/day) on creatine kinase levels. Vegetable extracts • Anatabine This alkaloid derived from tobacco has, for the time being, not yet managed to prove its bene- fi ts on post-exercise recovery, despite its anti- infl ammatory properties demonstrated in-vivo. • Green tea cursor for L-arginine, which is itself a pre- Rich in polyphenols with antioxidant properties, Probiotics cursor for nitric oxide, a strong vasodilator. green tea has been the subject of 7 studies for sports However, the studies remain conflicting. exploring post-exercise recovery. All of them nutrition Two studies show that the consumption of report a reduction in soreness after different Based on the most 500ml of watermelon juice (1.17g citrulline) types of exercise and following different types recent research in or watermelon juice with high citrulline levels of consumption (green tea 200 ml/day, green this area, Lallemand (3.45g of citrulline) 1 hour prior to intense tea extract 640-980 mg/day, epigallocatechin Health Solutions has developed a portfolio exercise or a half-marathon race attenuate gallate 1 800 mg/day, green tea polyphenols of specifi c probiotic muscle soreness and fatigue for the fol- 2 000 mg/day). On the other hand, the effects strains to support gut on the markers of muscle damage (creatine 016 health, boost natural lowing 24 to 72 hours as compared to the immune defences subjects receiving placebo. In combination kinase) are not always noted, not even during and deal with the with ellagic tannins (22mg), the citrulline- intense exercises. stress of everyday life. Recent studies enriched juice would be more effective on in this area showed soreness, muscle capacity preservation and • Curcumin that Lactobacillus myoglobin levels (muscle damage marker). helveticus Lafti® The preliminary results are promising, not only L10 supports the On the other hand, the studies using citrul- regarding infl ammation, but also the soreness immune defences line malate do not always highlight positive caused by physical activity. Four studies testing in elite athletes (Marinkovic et al., effects on soreness or the inflammatory curcumin concentrations ranging from 150 mg/ 2016) and signifi cantly markers. As for the studies on watermelon day to 5g/day, consumed prior to and after phy- decreases the symptoms in training purée (980ml/day for 14 days), they did not sical activity report a reduction in muscle pain athletes. highlight any effect. and muscle damage (as measured by MRI or Lallemand Health the creatine kinase fl ow). Another study also Solutions www. lallemand-health- Vegetables and vegetable- noted a decrease in TNF-α and Interleukin-8 solutions.com derived products levels. • Beetroot juice • Ginger High in nitrates and betalains, a pigment with Recent data suggests that chronic ginger antioxidant and anti-infl ammatory properties, consumption might attenuate post-exercise beetroot has been demonstrated as able to soreness. Ginger exerts analgesic effects by infl uence the recovery speed and pressure pain modulating the Cox signalling pathway and threshold, especially when consumed at high inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis. Several doses (1.75 l or 2.8 g of phenolic compounds). studies seem to indicate that the effects on Ingested repeatedly after sprints, beetroot juice muscle pain and soreness are only visible when supports the faster recovery of performance the supplementation (2 to 4 g/day) is initiated and muscle force. Within a 10 km trail running, several days (3 to 8 days) prior to the physical supplementation with 100 mg/day for 7 days activity session. Conversely, no effect on the reduces creatine kinase levels - this latter is a markers of muscle damage or infl ammation has marker of muscle damage. been demonstrated. ■ / Janvier - Février - Mars 2019 / N°66 / L’Actualité des Ingrédients Fonctionnels & Santé