Sports nutrition\ Marché - N°66 • Ginseng Its chronic consumption would reduce the activity of the indirect markers of muscle SPORTS NUTRITION MARKET TO PURSUE damage. The saponins it contains (ginseno- ITS GROWTH sides) seem to possess immunomodulatory effects. It is American ginseng (1.6g/day), a red ginseng extract (60g/day) and Chinese In 2018, the global market for sports nutrition reached $50.58 billion. According to analysts at ginseng (4g/day) that have been tested. The Statistica, this markted is expected to pursue its fi rst one was associated with decreased crea- growth and reach value sales of $81.5 billion by tine kinase levels after exercise, the second 2023 at a CAGR of 9.92 %. The North American with a decrease in creatine kinase levels and market accounts for 37% market share, Europe for cytokine levels, the third one with an effect on less than 25%, Asia-Pacifi c region (20%), South the infl ammatory response associated with America 12% and Africa 5% (Mordor Intelligence, intense workout (Interleukin-6, TNF- α) as 2018). In Europe, the CAGR is estimated at 8% and compared to placebo. Both high (960mg/day) the sector is driven by Italy, Germany and France, and low (160mg/day) doses reduce muscle which share almost two thirds of the European soreness and preserve the muscle function market, followed by the United Kingdom, Spain and when consumed during several days prior the rest of Europe. Proteins are the most popular to exercise. ingredient because of their strong media support and the fact that 45% of consumers believe should • Phyllanthus amarus increase their protein intake when doing regular This tropical herb rich in antioxidants has physical exercise. Regarding product launches, been the subject of few studies, but the pre- it is Europe which positioned itself as the most liminary data is encouraging: the pressure dynamic in 2017 with 45% of launches as compared pain threshold after exercise was improved to 34% in North America, 9% in Latin America, for 48 hours in untrained patients who had 7% in Asia, 3% in Australia and 2% in Africa. consumed it prior to (200mg), during (400mg) 017 and after exercise (600mg/day for 48h). Nevertheless, supplementation with Phyl- lanthus amarus had no effect on creatine kinase and CRP, and the previously cited (leucine, valine, isoleucine) on recovery results were not confi rmed in a second study concluded that supplementation with bran- where the exercise was of low intensity (20 ched-chain amino acids at a dose of at least minutes of cycling at 65% VOmax) and the2 200mg/kg/day for at least 10 days prior to subjects sedentary. exercise might be effective in fi ghting back moderate muscle damage, even if the results • Rhodiola rosea and methodological quality of the relevant This herb with a high content of fl avonoids studies vary considerably from one country and compounds with strong antioxidant to another. effects has produced mitigated results on the reduction of pain and the muscle damage • Creatine markers. Its consumption prior to exercise Beyond its role as energy substrate, creatine (60 mg/day for 36 days or 85 mg/day for also has antioxidant and anti-infl ammatory 28 days) reduced the creatine kinase levels properties. Several studies suggest that its and infl ammation (CRP) after exercise in two consumption prior to physical exercise may studies, but this has not been confi rmed by a attenuate muscle damage provided that sup- third study conducted at a dose of 600 mg/ plementation was initiated at least one week day administered for 37 days. before the workout session. Data testing short-term supplementation (5 to 7 days) is Amino acids and proteins highly variable from one study to another: 5 studies do not report this effect while 5 • Branched-chain amino acids others report positive effects on the cellular In 2017, a meta-analysis of published data damage markers and infl ammation, especially on the effect of branched-chain amino acids after endurance or sprint exercise at 20g/day. News on Functional & Health Ingredients \ N°66 \ January - February - March 2019 \ ■