NbS Triple Win Toolkit: Implementation Guidance – Executive Summary 8 The presented Principles, Implementation Guidance, and Biodiversity Indicators in Context set out how a project canbe designed and monitored to deliver a triple win effectively and efficiently for ODA spending. The selected case studies demonstrate success for nature, climate, and people. The interventions considered in this review are not new – but their consideration together meansnew recommendations can be provided on how best to apply NbSto achieve the triple win. To maximise the achievement of the triple win, all objectives – especially biodiversity – must be explicitly addressed in project planning and monitoring. Explicit integration of appropriate biodiversity indicators creates an opportunity to move from no net loss to net gain, setting NbS apart in the ability to maximise returns across the triple win. In development programmes which focus on climate change and poverty, biodiversity presents opportunity for additional benefit which would otherwise be overlooked. By following the guidance on biodiversity indicators, programmes can ensure adequate outcome- and activity-level indicators and monitoring plans are utilised. Using biodiversity as the lens to approach other ODA projects also achieves balance between the three objectives of the triple win. By approaching development projects with biodiversity in mind, climate and poverty reduction goals can still be achieved whilst simultaneously creating additional benefits for biodiversity. Value for money assessments of NbS must give appropriate weight to each of the triple win objectives, as well as to non-financial and financial benefits. The wide range of benefits which NbS deliver are typically in the form of either public goods, which are not ordinarily conducive to private sector finance, or qualitative benefits for livelihoods and biodiversity, which are difficult to monetise credibly. Appropriate weighting promotes NbS projects which monitor both qualitative social benefits imperative to local livelihoods and the financial benefits suitable for the private sector. However, applying NbS in isolation may not be sufficient to achieve net gain for each objective of the triple win. There may be thresholds to success and scalability, especially in the face of increasing unpredictability from climate change wherein an NbS cannot offer protection from stronger storms or changing weather patterns. Limitations to scaling up also include where local conditions, political or legal circumstances, limited funding, or spatial scale prevent benefits being realised. Thresholds can be overcome by applying NbS as an integrated approach – as a suite of other NbS interventions, alongside engineered or technological solutions, or paired with international commitments. With NbS there is no one-size-fits-all approach, andno one intervention is a ‘silver bullet’. Using NbS in concert with diverse approaches increases chances of successful implementation. Mainstreaming NbS into a range of sectors can scale up benefits for the triple win. Considering NbS as isolated solutions overlooks their usefulness as a component of other solutions. NbS can be mainstreamed into programmes or activities which do not have a nature or biodiversity focus – physical infrastructure, national development, humanitarian aid, spatial planning – offering holistic solutions to multifaceted problems and additional benefits forany of the triple win objectives. Conclusions and future pathways