NbS Triple Win Toolkit: Implementation Guidance – Executive Summary 5 Nature-based Solutions We define NbS in this context as actions which enlist elements of nature or natural processes to address a particular problem, or suite of problems, faced by society and which deliver multiple benefits in the form of public goods (see Methods). Nature-based solutions is an umbrella term, and includes interventions to adapt, enhance, or create ecosystems which, along with continued sustainable management or protection, enable society to respond to global pressures and change. NbS may be implemented alone or as a suite of interventions, including in tandem with ‘grey’ or engineered solutions. NbS may deliver private goods in addition to public goods; however, a key aspect in this context is the provision of a wide range of non-monetisable benefits accessible by all members of a community rather than providing a commercial return on private sector investment. For this reason, NbS are often promoted as cost-effective solutions to wider societal pressuressuch as climate change, which can sustain healthy ecosystemswhile balancing human health, livelihoods, or economic growth. The interventions often collated under NbS – ecological restoration, ecosystem-based adaptation, green infrastructure to name a few – are not new. Rather, the term captures decades of knowledge and experience utilising natural processes and ecological principles to support human well-being and reduce or respond to risks (e.g., restoring wetlands to improve water quality and mitigate flooding).The novelty of NbS is in how it allows for lessons learned fromdecades of programmatic and project-level experience to bedistilled into common principles and guidance. Background The ‘Triple Win’ In order to address the simultaneous crises of biodiversity loss,climate change, and poverty and security the UK Government set out the ‘triple win’ for projects to deliver on enhancing biodiversity, addressing climate change, and reducing poverty. Many approaches have previously, in the context of global development, sought to use conservation techniques to achieve economic goals. For instance, funding through ODA and ICF-funds places objectives for people alongside objectives for the planet. However, the focus of several development programmes has been on mitigation or adaptationto climate change and reduction in poverty and less on achieving benefits for biodiversity. The ‘Triple Win’ Biodiversity Climate People Depiction of the Triple Win. Each objective can be reinforcing, whereby achieving for one can support positive outcomes for the others. The balance between all three objectives is an important aspect for NbS projects.