Executing entities: © Alec Knuerr | UNEP Location: Afghanistan Dates: 2013–2016 Nature-based Solution: Ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction (Eco-DRR) Applying Ecosystem-based Disaster Risk Reduction Context The Koh-e Baba, located in the west of Afghanistan’s Central Highlands, range up to 5,000 m above sea level and hold several glaciers and areas of permanent snow and ice. The mountains support a diversity of flora and fauna, including several endemic plant species and breeding bird populations, as well as approximately 14,700 people across 22 mountain villages. The area is subject to multiple environmental hazards, including flooding, landslides and avalanches. Most villages become isolated during the winter months, and widespread poverty and a reliance on natural resources, such as land and irrigation water, make communities particularly vulnerable. Unsustainable land use has caused considerable environmental degradation, and climatechange has led to unpredictable weather patterns, both of which increase the risk of environmental disasters. To reduce environmental risks and support community livelihoodsin the area, this project implemented Eco-DRR through a landscape approach – promoting sustainable development and ecosystem restoration. Project objectives: To demonstrate the effectiveness of Eco-DRR in reducing the risks of floods, harsh winters and avalanches, and providing multiple benefits for local livelihoods. To develop local and national capacities for implementing Eco-DRR through a landscape approach. To inform national and provincial policies and planning by mainstreaming Eco-DRR. Funding: European Commission – $250,000 (USD). UNEP staff costs in kind. for Sustainable and Resilient Development Planning in the Koh-e Baba, Afghanistan with 12 project partners Biodiversity 235,380 saplings of indigenous and resilient species planted. Climate Flood risk-reduction and training has strengthenedcommunity resilience to climate change. People Training provided skills for 270 community members which enabled them to earn up to six times more income based on projections. Achievements: Ecosystem:Montane Rangelands Ecosystem:Montane Rangelands 140