NbS Triple Win Toolkit: Principles 19 The sustainability of NbS – and their delivery of multiple ecosystem services over broad scales – is ultimately dependent on developing diverse income streams for local communities in the short and long term7. NbS projects must support ecologically and economically sustainable livelihoods – replacing livelihoods based on activities which degrade or harm the environment with those that are sustainably managed and which protect or enhance the natural environment.The development of livelihoods or incentives should be done inkeeping with local ecology and traditional knowledge so as not to simply displace harm or create new pressures (i.e. continued overextraction, monoculture or invasive plantations), and providelong-term connections to local financial institutions and markets, rather Provide sustainable, equitable financial incentives than create reliance on short-term sources of income14,23. It may be necessary to supply direct financial support if there is a lag between project initiation and the delivery of financial benefits4,13. Identifying which costs or benefits are likely to accrue, when and to whom, helps inform the appropriate funding strategy and recognise important time periods when specific financial flows and compensation are required25,26. View examples: > Climate-resilient agriculture in Cambodia > Ecosystem-based adaptation in The Gambia £ > Wetland restoration and climate-smart agriculture in Uganda Return to Principles