NbS Triple Win Toolkit: Principles 12 Objectives for biodiversity, climate and people the ‘triple win’ are common elements of the interventions and approaches that fall under the umbrella term of ‘NbS.’ However, not every approach addresses the triple win simultaneously, focusing largely on poverty reduction and addressing climate change risks. Enhancing biodiversity is often not directly monitored (see Principle ‘Build robust, long-term monitoring systems’) or is misapplied (as in cases of planting inappropriate non-native or invasive species or impeding the natural regeneration of an ecosystem with monoculture plantations)1,2. Biodiversity is essential for supporting ecosystem functions and services, enhancing ecosystem resilience and building human capacity to adapt to climate change3. Interventions should consider the ecological impacts of climate change and be appropriate to the ecosystem; tree planting on naturally open (tree-less) ecosystems, for example, could cause Give parity to all three pillars of the triple win further degradation. Projects should set specific biodiversity targets and indicators (see Biodiversity Indicators in Context chapter) appropriate to the scale, objectives and context of an NbS application4,5. Protecting, restoring, or managing a broad range of ecosystems on land and sea, with an emphasis on enhancing biodiversity, can deliver multiple benefits for biodiversity and livelihoods, whilst simultaneously meeting domestic and international climate change objectives and obligations4,6,7. View examples: > Ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction in Haiti > Mangrove restoration in Madagascar and Indonesia > Urban reforestation in South Africa Return to Principles