143 Case study – Coastal afforestation in Bangladesh Project approach The project implemented community-led adaptation interventions, focusing on coastal afforestation and livelihood diversification; The ‘Forest, Fish, and Fruit’ (FFF) model was the main intervention developedand involved planting protective and productive vegetation, with an elevatedmound and ditch structure interspersed with fish nursery ponds. Mechanisms such as rainwater harvesting, micro-surface and ground water treatment facilities were developed to secure sources of potable water. To support identifying and addressing climate change risks, national and community capacity was increased through targeted training. To increase community resilience to climate change impacts in coastal areas, methods of adaptation to climate risks were integrated into legislation related to coastal zone regulations. A system for the collection, distribution, and internalisation of climate-related knowledge was developed to promote the sharing of project knowledge, both within Bangladesh and with other countries. Project outcomes Successful afforestation of: 9,650 ha of mangroves, 112 ha of FFF model (non-mangrove dyke plantations), 332 ha of native fruit tree species (Psidium guajava, Ziziphus mauritiana and Cocos nucifera) on mounds, 680 km strip plantation along embankment roads and 220 ha of demonstration afforestation with mangrove species. 5,876 households benefitted from increased food security and income. 950 government officials at sub-district and Union level were trained. Adaptation plans adopted for the four sub-districts. Livelihood support measures were supported and co-financed by local government (e.g. road or educational infrastructure). 17 training manuals and technical papers disseminated at national and international workshops and on the project webpage. The post-project evaluation estimated the value of carbon sequestration to amount to $2,895,000 (USD), for the total of 9,650 ha of mangroves planted. Total net benefits were valued at $1,454,656 (USD), or a benefit-cost ratio in excess of three for the additional income of household beneficiaries from the FFF model. Lessons learnt The cooperation and participation of government agencies was essential for timely and efficient implementation of the project. Understanding local environmental conditions such as, the frequency and height of tidal inundation, is important, as these had the potential to threaten the FFF livelihoods initiatives and therefore adaptive management measures should be applied, ensuring to take climate projections into account. Social inequality often hinders the level of community participation. Addressing these social barriers (e.g. gender inequality) can support proactive involvement of local communities. Sustainability and legacy of project The project has prompted funding by GEF to replicate the FFF model in a further four districts.The ongoing income and resource generation from diversification will increase the adaptive capacity of coastal communities in Bangladesh and can help to sustain the FFF model in any anticipated conditions induced by climate change. The project will further generate adaptation benefits by facilitating the integration of climate risk into existing poverty reduction and rural development strategies. National and international dialogue forums will continue to provide opportunities for identifying similarly vulnerable areas within and outside of Bangladeshwhere a similar approach may be suitable for use. Further information:https://www.weadapt.org/placemarks/maps/view/138 Diagram of the NbS interactions showing that the FFF modelcan contribute towards multiple benefits. Return to Principles