NbS Triple Win Toolkit: Principles 18 Adaptive management is a decision-making approach that incorporates monitoring, feedback and iterative improvements to policy or activities. Feedback and flexibility are critical aspects of NbS due to the inherent uncertainties and interconnectivity of human and ecological systems. Adaptive management allows interventions to be responsive to changes in the local conditions (see Principle ‘Consider trade-offs and synergies across multiple scales’) and aspects of the context which were unexpected, as well as resilient to the effects of climate change – all of which can impact the intended outcomes4,7,24. Adaptive management is identified as an area requiring more discussion and uptake9, perhaps due to high costs and a lack of monitoring or acknowledgment of the complexities and uncertainties which underpin dynamic socio-economic Emphasise an adaptive management approach and ecological contexts9. Adaptive management in overarching governance can ensure longevity as policy and activities are re-aligned or adapted to new information from community-based monitoring and transparent dialog with stakeholders (see Principle ‘Build robust,long-term monitoring systems’)12, ensuring that NbS interventions continue to generate benefits in the medium and long term. View examples: > Agroforestry in Bolivia > Mangrove restoration in Viet Nam Return to Principles