NutraConnect KEY INGREDIENTS measured in the present study production (11,21)through the res- , would explain, at least in part, the pective inhibition of COX-2 mRNA pain-relieving effect of the extract, transcription and modulation of for which the naturally occurring inducible NO synthase (iNOS). It xanthones α- and γ-mangostin, has additionally been established its main bioactive constituents, in a C6 rat glioma cell model that have previously been confirmed γ-mangostin can directly compete to show anti-inflammatory proper- with arachidonic acid for binding ties in the absence of side effects to the COX-2 active site, inhibiting (8)Mechanisms of action asso- its activation and subsequently . ciated with the anti-inflammatory the release of PGE2 (22). Such properties of both xanthones are effects were interrelated with the complex and include a modulation suppression of inhibitor of κB ki- of diverse inflammatory pathways. nase (IKK) activity, leading to the In the murine RAW 264.7 macro- inactivation of the COX-2 trans- phages model, both α- and γ-man- cription factor, nuclear factor-κB gostin were demonstrated to inhi- (NF-κB) (23). α- and γ-mangostin bit PGE2 and nitric oxide (NO) have also been described for their