First partial Chinese translation published in 1908,of the Manifesto of the Communist Party 2 The extremely rare original of the first partial Chinese translation of the Manifesto of the Communist Party, published in 1908, thirteen years before the foundation of the Chinese Communist Party. The final fascicle (comprising nos. 16 through 19) of the journal 「天義」「 Tien Yee」「 Natural Justice」 [TianYi opens with the first twenty pages of the first (partial) translation known of the] Manifesto of the Communist Party 「共產黨宣言」 by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. In July 2021, the Chinese Communist Party will celebrate the hundredth anniversary of its founding in ShangHai. At the local museum 中國共產黨第一次全國代表大會會址紀念館 , in the very building where the1 founding took place, this relic will not be on hand, for the only other copy is said to reside in Beijing in the Central Committee Library 中共中央黨史和文獻研究院 , but it has never been exhibited.2 Our copy, as offered here, is thus the only other original known that can be consulted: extensive research has failed to discover any trace of others except for a Tokyo facsimile reprint published in 1966 by 平野義太郎3 Yoshitaro Hirano, the original of which cannot be located. It seems certain, on the eve of the centenary of the Party's foundation, that had another original been found, it would already have been brought forth. In 1906, Zhu ZhiXin 朱執信(1885-1920) included an article on Marx in MinBao「民報」under the heading "Brief Biographies of German Socialist Revolutionaries"「德意志社會革命家小傳」 . But the present partial translation from 1908 is the real springboard for the first official Chinese version of theManifestoby Chen WangDao 陳望道 (1891-1977), published in August 1920 and certainly on the table at the founding conference4 of the Party on 23 July 1921, which is to say thirteen years later. Perhaps we may surmise that the two versions, that of 1908 and that of 1920, were compared and discussed. According to Huang XianGong 黃顯功, an eminent scholar of China modern History, and a specialist in the successive editions of the Manifesto , an earlier fascicle of TianYi5, which combined numbers 8 through 10, contained an announcement by the publishers that a translation was underway for a "seminar for socialist comrades" and would soon be available. A complete Chinese translation was probably made but has never been discovered. This makes this partial version from 1908 particularly precious, for it undoubtedly marks the starting point of the People's Republic of China under the leadership of the CCP. The publishers were two Chinese feminists living in Japan at the time, He Zhen 何震 (1884-1920) and her companion Liu ShiPei劉師培 (1884-1919), followers of the initial libertarian tendency of Chinese socialism, which evolved into Communism only later, after the 4 May Movement of 1919. It should be borne in mind that in 1908 Sun YatSen's Republic of China had not yet been founded: that occurred only in 1911, and in the meantime the country was still under the rule of the Manchu Qing dynasty, and many oppositionists were living in Japan. It was there that they discovered Marxism. Two Chinese academic presses reproduced this text in re-set type, c6,7onfirming thereby the exceptionally rare nature of the original print publication, but to our knowledge no facsimile publication has ever been made, apart from the 1966 Japanese one. We do so now by attaching images of all two hundred pages of the fascicle that combines issues 16-19 of TianYi, including of course all those providing the partial translation of the Manifesto. 29