Table 4: List of practical skills trained during SMART course. SURGERY SIMULATORS LIVING CADAVER TISSUES COURSE Basic trauma care skills Secure airways + + + Puncture, pleural drainage + + + Hemostasis (tourniquet, wound tamponade, local hemostatic agents, pelvic girdle, traction splint, immobilization) + + Vascular access. Intraosseous access + + Great saphenous vein cutdown + Diagnosis of severe TBI + Hypothermia treatment + + FAST. Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma + + Vascular injury: neck, expremities Side suture of blood vessels + Circular suture of blood vessels + Temporary blood vessels shunting + + Patch angioplasty + Synthetic prosthesis filling + Operative exploration of internal structures of the neck + + Operative exploration of the following vessels: subclavian/axillary/brachial artery + Arterial puncture, catheterization + Chest trauma Lateral thoracotomy + + Transsternal bilateral thoracotomy (clamshell) + Median sternotomy + Aortic compression + + Procedures on the lung root + + Tractotomy, lung suture + Atypical lung resection + Aortic arch and brachiocephalic arteries displacement + Heart wound suture + Abdominal trauma Progressive wound dilatation + Laparocentesis + + Laparotomy + + Operative exploration of the abdomen + + Subphrenic aortic compression + + Resuscitation endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) + Hemostasis of parenchymal organs + Pringle maneuver + + Liver tamponade + + Splenectomy + + Intestinal suture and anastomosis, a temporary seal of hollow organ extensive injuries + + Mattox maneuver + + Kocher maneuver + Cattell-Braasch maneuver + + Nephrectomy + + Temporary abdominal closure + Pelvic and extremity injury Retroperitoneal pelvic tamponade + Retroperitoneal open exposure of the iliac artery bifurcation + Urinary bladder suture + Cystostomy + Fracture fixation of the pelvis and extremities by an external fixation device + VOL. Lower extremity, forearm fasciotomy + 94/3 International Review of the Armed Forces Medical Services 67 Revue Internationale des Services de Santé des Forces Armées